MGT300
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS
CHAPTER 15:CREATING INNOVATIVE ORGANIZATION
Name : Muhammad Amirul Saidee bin Nasaruddin
Group : J3BM1114A
Lecturer :Tuan Syed Mazlan bin Syed Md. Dom
Semester :November 2011 - Mac 2012
CONTENT
1.0 1.0 Introduction: Disruptive versus sustaining technology.
2.0 2.0 What is Internet?
2.1 Evolution of the Internet.
3.0 3.0 Evolution of World Wide Web.
4.0 4,0 What is Web 2.0 and Web 3.0?
5.0 5.0 Internet usage in business.
6.0 References
1.0 Introduction :Disruptive versus sustaining technology.
A disruptive technology is defined as the new way of doings things which initially does not meet the needs of existing customers. It tends to open a new market and eliminate the old ones. Disruptive technology typically cut into the low end of the marketplace and eventually evolve to displace high end competitors. As example, companies like Sony, Acer and Asus. Figure 1.a shows companies that capitalized on disruptive technology. While sustaining technology is meant by producing an improved products that can attract the customer’s interest to buy in established market, such as a faster and stylish model of a car.
Company | Disruptive technology |
Charles Schwab | Online brokerage. |
Hewlett-Packard | Microprocessor-based computer,ink jet printers. |
Intel | Low-end microprocessors. |
Intuit | QuickBooks software, TurboTax software,Quicken software. |
Microsoft | Internet-based computing, operating system software,and Access database software. |
Quantum | 3.5 inch disks. |
Sony | Transistor-based consumer electronics. |
Figure 1.a: Companies capitalized on disruptive technology.
2.0 What is Internet?
The Internet is a global network of millions of smaller computer networks linked by terrestrial and extra-terrestrial communication channels. The main purpose of internet usage in business is sending and receiving e-mail and accessing corporate webpages. The cost of e-mail is independent on how far the message travels. So, this means that there is a significant cost saving that relies on the global communication between individuals and corporations.
Internet which also known as the shortened term ‘net’ can also provide many facilities for cheaper such as videoconferencing, telephony (through the Voice Over Internet Protocol-VOIP) and other interactive telecommunications.
2.1 Evolution of the Internet.
During the Cold War in the mid-1960s, the United States military decided to have effective and better communication system and thus it lead to the creation of the Internet. The system would links the computer throughout the entire country allowing the message to get though even if a large section of the country is destroyed. The Internet is very important for emergency military communication. The system is operated by the Department of Defense’s Advance Research Project Agency (ARPA) and called ARPANET. In using the Internet, common protocols will be used. Protocols are the standards that specify the format of data as well as rules to be followed during transmission.
In time, every universitiy in United States that had defense-related funding installed ARPANET computers. Gradually, the Internet usage expanded from the military to a communication tools for scientists. When there is an increase in demand for online education, the system administration transferred from ARPA to the National Science Foundation. After several years, business started to use the Internet and the administrative system once again transferred. Today, no one party operates the Internet. However, several parties oversee the Internet and set standards such as :
Ø Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF): The protocol engineering and
development arm of the Internet.
Ø Internet Architecture Board (IAB) : Responsible for defining the overall
architecture of the Internet, providing
guidance and broad direction to the IETF.
Ø Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG): Responsible for technical
management of IETF activities and
the Internet standards process.
3.0 Evolution Of The World Wide Web.
Internet and World Wide Web terms are not synonymous. Throughout the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, the Internet was used by the Department of Defense to support activities such as e-mail and transferring files. The Internet was restricted to non-commercial activities. The users of the Internet were government, professor, employees, researchers, and students. But the World Wide Web changed the purpose and uses of the Internet.
The World Wide Web is a global hypertext system that uses the Internet as its transport mechanism. Hypertext transport protocol (HTTP) is the internet standard that supports the exchange of information on the World Wide Web. By using universal resource locators (URLs) and how they can be used to retrieve resources anywhere on the Internet, HTTP enables Web authors to embed hyperlinks in Web documents.
HTTP defines the process by which a Web client, called a browser, begins a request for information and sends it to a Web server, a program designed to respond to HTTP requests and provide desired information. The reasons for the growth of the Internet are:
Ø The microcomputer revolution made it possible for an average person to own a computer.
Ø Advancement in networking hardware, software, and media made it possible for business PCs to be inexpensively connected to larger network.
Ø Browser software such as Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator gave computer users an easy-to-use graphical interface to find, download and display Web pages.
Ø The speed, convenience and low cost of e-mail have made it a communication tool for business purpose and personal use.
Ø Basic Web pages are easy to create and extremely flexible.
The WWW remained primarily text based until 1991 when there are drastically changes on it. Firstly, Tim Berners-Lee the first website on 6th August 1991 (http://info.cern.ch/-the site has been archived). The site provided details information on how to build a browser and set up a Web server. It is also the first in the world Web directory, since Bernes-Lee later maintained a list of other Web sites apart from his own. After that, Marc Andressen had developed a new computer program called NCSA Mosaic (National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois) and gave it away for free. Th browser made it easy to access the Websites. Since than, the Web sites are no longer containing just text but they also have sound and video files. By using Internet, impossible can be possible for a business. There are several impacts of the internet towards the Information:
· Easy to compile -searching for information on products, prices,customers and
suppliers.
· Increased richness -depth and breadth of information transferred between
customers and businesses. They can collect and track more
information.
· Increased reach -number of people a business can communicate with on global
basis.
· Improved content -key element of Internet is its ability to provide dynamic
relevant content.
4.0 What is Web 2.0 and Web 3.0?
Web 2.0 is the term given to describe a second generation of the World Wide Web that is focused on the ability for people to collaborate and share information online. Web 2.0 basically refers to the transition from static HTML Web pages to a more dynamic Web that is more organized and arranged and is based on serving web applications to users. Other improved functionality of Web 2.0 includes open communication with an emphasize on Web-based communities of users, and more open sharing of information. Over time Web 2.0 has been used more as a marketing term than a computer-science-based term. Blogs, wikis, and Web services are all seen as components of Web 2.0.
While Web 3.0 is defined as a web service which is a software system designed to support computer-to-computer interaction over the Internet. Web services are not new and usually take the form of an Application Programming Interface (API). The popular photography-sharing website Flickr provides a web service whereby developers can programmatically interface with Flickr to search for images. Currently, thousands of web services are available. By combining a semantic markup and web services, the Web 3.0 promises the potential for applications that can speak to each other directly, and for broader searches for information through simpler interfaces.
5.0 Internet usage in business.
The widespread dissemination of marketing information and advertising across the web is the most obvious sign of the commercialization of the internet. To meet this growth, a number of business organizations offer services in the creation of websites and internet-specific advertising. By using the internet, individuals and organizations can create their own sites to reflect their own business needs and requirements.
Advertising on the internet not only provides a source of information which equips the consumer with knowledge to make informed decisions, but it also offers the possibility of allowing the consumers to interect with the product or service in the same way that a user interects with the real product in front of him. By interecting with the web, the consumer has more control over the nature and content of the web advertising. This forces the organizations to become more creative and competitive in the way they try to market and sell their products or services through the Internet.
Another business use of the Internet is the provision of online shopping, retailing and banking from the comfort of a consumer’s own house. Home retailing is one of the most generally accepted commercials activities of then web. Many electronic shopping malls and online banks enable their consumers to have some level of choice as to how they transact business. The one major problem is the perceived insecurity of paying for goods and services online by using credit or debit cards. However, Internet security has now reached a level of sophistication where the fear of insecure transactions is more perceived than real.
6.0 References
Printed:
Chaffey , D., & White, G. (2005). Business information management. Harlow, England: Pearson Education Limited.
Elliot, G. (2004). Global business information technology. Harlow, England: Pearson Education Limited.
Website:
